Hypertension
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a condition characterized by elevated pressure in the arteries. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and typically recorded as two numbers: systolic pressure (the top number) and diastolic pressure (the bottom number).
Normal blood pressure is usually considered to be around 120/80 mmHg. Hypertension is typically diagnosed when blood pressure consistently measures at or above 130/80 mmHg. However, these thresholds can vary depending on factors such as age and overall health.
Hypertension can lead to serious health complications if left untreated, including an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and other cardiovascular problems. It's often referred to as a "silent killer" because it may not cause noticeable symptoms until it has already caused significant damage.
Risk factors for hypertension include:
- Age: Risk increases with age.
- Family history: Genetics can play a role.
- Obesity: Excess weight can increase blood pressure.
- Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of physical activity can contribute to hypertension.
- Diet: High salt intake, low potassium intake, and excessive alcohol consumption can all raise blood pressure.
- Stress: Chronic stress can contribute to hypertension.
- Chronic conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, and sleep apnea can increase the risk.
- Smoking: Tobacco use can raise blood pressure temporarily and increase the risk of long-term hypertension.
Treatment for hypertension typically involves lifestyle changes and, in some cases, medication. Lifestyle changes may include adopting a healthy diet (such as the DASH diet), increasing physical activity, reducing salt intake, limiting alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, and managing stress. Medications, such as diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers, and others, may be prescribed depending on the severity of hypertension and other individual factors.
Regular monitoring of blood pressure is crucial for individuals with hypertension to ensure that it remains under control and to detect any potential complications early.
